My op-ed on NASA’s successor to the shuttle appeared on May 17, during the Hubble servicing mission, STS-125. Courtesy of the New York Post:
My astronaut colleagues on shuttle Atlantis have completed three of their planned spacewalks to repair and upgrade NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope. Their exacting, sky-high brain surgery on Hubble shows how far human explorers and their robot assistants have come since humanity’s first lunar landing, Apollo 11, forty years ago this July.
That first lunar landing came from the national determination to demonstrate our superiority over the Soviet system by competing successfully in space. Hubble’s triumph has been powered by a quest for scientific knowledge, enabled by the amazing capabilities of the space shuttle, its flight controllers and engineers, and its expert crews. The Apollo 11 and Hubble successes are figurative bookends in a library holding four decades of scientific and technological lessons, won through intelligent risk-taking, a consensus for national leadership in space, and the wisdom to learn from tragic mistakes.
But now the technological momentum built by Apollo, and sustained for forty years by the shuttle and space station programs, is nearly exhausted. After the Columbia shuttle accident, President Bush proposed vigorous new goals in space: complete the International Space Station, safely retire the shuttle by 2010, and build a new spaceship to return American astronauts to the moon and deep space. Unfortunately, those objectives, although endorsed repeatedly by Congress, were never funded adequately.
Hubble released by the STS-125 crew. May 2009 (NASA)
The shuttle’s successor, Orion, won’t fly until at least 2015. Some critics have called for NASA to scrap Orion’s new booster and go back to the drawing board. More worrisome, President Obama has left NASA leaderless since his inauguration, and proposes over the next four years to cut $3.1 billion from the Constellation program designed to develop Orion and its new Ares I booster. It’s hard to see how either approach will reduce the four-year “gap” between 2011 and 2015, when America will have no human launch capability, forcing our astronauts to ride Russian rockets to the space station.
The President has asked former Lockheed Martin CEO Norman Augustine to lead an assessment of NASA’s post-shuttle human spaceflight plans. Augustine said last week that his panel will also evaluate alternatives to the much-debated Ares I rocket booster. But Ares I has been in development for five years, with a first unmanned test flight scheduled for this fall. With adequate funding, I’m sure it can get Orion to orbit.
A review of NASA’s management and program execution is prudent, but also invites further delay in getting Orion flying. Building our first new manned spaceship in thirty-five years will be difficult, but NASA’s people are up to the challenge, just as they are proving with Hubble. If given the resources, I know they will launch Orion, and make it both safer and cheaper to operate than the shuttle. Its Ares boosters will be able to send its crews to the moon and beyond, to nearby asteroids.
Once satisfied that our trajectory in space is correct, the President should dedicate the funds to meet those goals. In spending terms, NASA’s annual budget is miniscule: $18.3 billion next year, just one half of one percent of the $3.6 trillion federal outlay. Failing to correct NASA’s chronic budget shortfalls, on the other hand, will cede U.S. leadership in space even as we celebrate Apollo’s landmark achievements.
Here’s how the President can ensure America will continue to lead in space: Restore funding to keep Orion and Ares on track. Make the science and technology investments that will keep the space station’s laboratories humming. Send our explorers not just to the moon, but far beyond. Orion astronauts can explore nearby asteroids, where they will collect samples from the dawn of the solar system, tap valuable space resources, gain the engineering skills to guard our planet against a cosmic impact, and inspire us with views of a breathtakingly distant Earth, five million miles away.
Our nation needs a new generation of scientists and engineers. We should turn our young people loose to explore the moon, the asteroids and the solar system. This same world-beating corps of explorers will also conquer terrestrial challenges in energy, defense, environmental protection and high-tech competition.
With the President’s support, space exploration will continue to be an American trademark: for science, for resources and energy, and for new industrial and economic activity. Having flown the space shuttle four times, and worked in orbit to construct the space station, I know what NASA’s people can do. If we build on the legacy of Apollo 11 and the team that restored Hubble, America’s pioneers will write new chapters in exploration and innovation on the space frontier. If President Obama actively supports, and then demands the best from those who have the right stuff, we’ll get it.
Tom Jones is a veteran shuttle astronaut, planetary scientist, author, and speaker. His latest book, with co-author Ellen Stofan is “Planetology: Unlocking the Secrets of the Solar System.” Explore further at AstronautTomJones.com
Mr. Jones – Don’t you find that the Orion project is basically a technological retreat rather than an advance? Isn’t it better to take a little longer to do something well than to do it quickly and badly? I find much to be concerned about at NASA these days, notwithstanding the successes of the ISS and the Mars robotic missions. Given all of the pressing budgetary needs here on planet Earth, I do not think it is Luddite to expect NASA to present a compelling case for its projects before funding them. “Jobs for Lockheed Martin” isn’t good enough.
I would be curious to know your thoughts. You can read a longer version of my comments here:
http://sanityinjection.wordpress.com/2009/07/16/nasa-spaceflight-technology-continues-to-tread-water/
Dear Sanity Injection:
Some facts: The shuttle is too expensive and too risky to fly for much longer. The NASA budget has been declining for the past 5 years in terms of real purchasing power. We face a 5-year U.S. flight gap where we fly our people on Russian rockets.
I assume you wish to return to deep space, as I do. Orion can do that. Ares I develops technology for the Ares V heavy cargo rocket which is essential to returning to deep space exploration. So, imperfect as you perceive it, Orion/Ares was the realistic option in 2004 and, to my mind, now.
What solution do you propose that is faster and cheaper in terms of achieving a deep space return? Which launcher will be safer than the shuttle/Apollo-derived Ares family? When does “better” become the enemy of “good enough”, and bring our struggling human spaceflight effort to a standstill. We can always upgrade these vehicles once fielded; we cannot easily regain space leadership once lost to inertia and nay-saying.
I submit that NASA’s budget is dangerously low already, at 0.5% of federal spending, 1/40 of the stimulus bill that will be mostly wasted this year (and achieve no economic results). At the very least, NASA is creating valuable technology, inspiring students, and driving high-tech employment. A withdrawal from human spaceflight (longer than 5 years in terms of our launch capability) is proof that we have ceded space leadership to other nations who see the benefits of taking on challenging space goals.
I don’t really see it as an issue of “space leadership”. The Cold War is over and we are working cooperatively with other nations so that breakthroughs can be shared. I don’t think it’s worth spending billions if the point is just to “stay ahead of the other guys.” I am not questioning the value of space exploration generally.
I am not sure what you mean by “deep space”. I thought this term referred to areas beyond our solar system. I don’t think we are contemplating manned missions to that area. If you simply mean outside of earth’s orbit, then of course I agree that should be a goal.
I am not a rocket scientist, but I find it difficult to believe that there are no viable ideas out there for technology that would be superior to the Ares/Orion concept, which as you know has been revised many times. You seem to believe that it is critical that we get something up there ASAP. I am not convinced that we lose anything by taking the time to do things well. If that means working with Russian launches for a few years, so be it – we did that after the Columbia disaster.
I appreciate the opportunity to exchange views with you.